Isitshixo sophando kunye nokuveliswa kwerubha ye-silicone e-China - i-dimethyldiethoxysilane

Basic hot vulcanized irabha abicah

I-China yaqala ukuphanda kunye nokwenza irabha ekrwada yobushushu obutshatyalalisiwe (ekwaziwa ngokuba bubushushu obunyangekileyo) irabha yesilicone ekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1950.Akukafiki ixesha kwihlabathi apho iChina yaqala ukuphonononga irabha ye-silicone.Ngenxa yomsebenzi wophuhliso kufuneka inani elikhulu le-high-purity hydrolysates ye-dimethyldichlorosilane (apho i-octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4, okanye i-DMC) ifunyenwe; ngaphambili, ngenxa yokungabikho kwenani elikhulu le-methylchlorosilane, kunzima ukufumana inani elikhulu. I-dimethyldichlorosilane esulungekileyo, kwaye akukho nto yaneleyo ekuvavanyeni ukuvelisa imathiriyeli ekrwada ekrwada yerabha abicah octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane.Kukwakho nemfuneko yee-catalysts ezifanelekileyo kwi-polymerization yokuvula iringi, eziyingxaki enkulu kwisigaba sokuqala sophuhliso. Ukuveliswa kwemizi-mveliso ye-methylchlorosilane kunzima kakhulu, ngoko ke abasebenzi bezobugcisa beeyunithi ezifanelekileyo e-China baye bahlawula umsebenzi omningi kwaye bachitha ixesha elininzi.

UYang Dahai, iShenyang Chemical Research Institute, njl.njl. thaca iisampuli zerabha ye-silicone elungiselelwe ukusuka kwi-dimethyldichlorosilane eyenziwe ngokwayo ukuya kwi-10th yeminyaka yosuku lwesizwe.ULin Yi kunye noJiang Yingyan, abaphandi beZiko leKhemistri, iAkhademi yaseTshayina yeSayensi, nabo baqhuba uphuhliso lwerabha yesilicone ye-methyl kwangethuba.Ngeminyaka yee-1960, iiyunithi ezininzi zaphuhlisa irabha ye-silicone.

Kuphela emva kokuphumelela kwe-synthesis ngqo ye-methylchlorosilane kwi-bed eguquguqukayo, inokuthi ifumaneke izinto eziphathekayo zokwenziwa kwe-rubber ye-silicone eluhlaza.Kuba imfuno yerabha ye-silicone ingxamiseke kakhulu, ngoko ke kukho iiyunithi eShanghai naseMantla eTshayina ukuqalisa ukuphuhlisa irabha ye-silicone.Ngokomzekelo, i-Shanghai Chemical Research Institute e-Shanghai ifunda ukuhlanganiswa kwe-methyl chlorosilane monomer kunye nokuhlola kunye novavanyo lwerabha ye-silicone;Isityalo semichiza saseShanghai iXincheng kunye ne-Shanghai resin plant siqwalasela ukuhlanganiswa kwerabha ye-silicone ngokwembono yemveliso.

Emantla, iZiko loPhando lenkampani yeJihua, isiseko soshishino lweekhemikhali e-China, libandakanyeka kakhulu kuphando kunye nophuhliso lwerabha yokwenziwa.Kamva, iziko lophando landa uphando kunye nophuhliso lwerabha ye-silicone ekhokelwa nguZhu BAOYING.Kukwakho amaziko oyilo kunye nezityalo zemveliso kwinkampani yeJihua, enemeko yentsebenziswano elungileyo yokuyeka ukuphuhlisa iseti epheleleyo yenkqubo ukusuka kwi-methyl chlorosilane monomer ukuya kwirabha yokwenziwa kwesilicone.

Ngo-1958, inxalenye ye-organosilicon ye-Shenyang Chemical Research Institute yafuduselwa kwi-Beijing Chemical Research Institute esanda kusekwa.Ekuqaleni koo-1960, iShenyang Chemical Research Institute yaseka iOfisi yoPhando ye-organosilicon ekhokelwa nguZhang Erci kunye nawe Qingxuan ukuphuhlisa i-organosilicon monomer kunye nerabha ye-silicone.Ngokweembono ze-Second Bureau yeSebe lezoShishino lwemichiza, iShenyang Chemical Research Institute ithathe inxaxheba kuphuhliso lwerabha ye-silicone kwiZiko loPhando lenkampani yeekhemikhali zaseJilin.Ngenxa yokuba ukuhlanganiswa kwerabha ye-silicone nayo ifuna i-vinyl ring, ngoko ke i-Shenyang Chemical Research Institute ye-synthesis ye-methylhydrodichlorosilane kunye nezinye i-organosilicon monomers ezixhasayo.

Ukuveliswa kwebhetshi yokuqala yerabha ye-silicone eShanghai "ngamaqhinga ajikelezayo"

Ngo-1960, inkampani yeplastiki ye-Shanghai Chemical Industry Bureau yabela umzi-mveliso weekhemikhali iXincheng umsebenzi wokuphuhlisa irabha yesilicon efunwa ngokungxamisekileyo kushishino lomkhosi.Ngenxa yokuba isityalo sinekloromethane, isibulali-zinambuzane esiphuma kwimveliso ye-organosilicon ekrwada, sineemeko zokwenza i-methyl chlorosilane, imathiriyeli ekrwada yerabha yesilicon.Iplanti yemichiza yeXincheng sisityalo esincinci esidityanelwe ngurhulumente nabucala, sinamagcisa eenjineli amabini kuphela, uZheng Shanzhong kunye noXu Mingshan.Bachonge imiba emibini ephambili yezobugcisa kwiprojekthi yophando yerabha ye-silicone, enye kukuhlanjululwa kwe-dimethyldichlorosilane, enye isifundo senkqubo ye-polymerization kunye nokukhethwa kwe-catalyst.Ngelo xesha, i-organosilicon monomers kunye nabaphakathi bavalwa kwaye bavalwa eTshayina.Ngelo xesha, umxholo we-dimethyldichlorosilane kwi-synthesis ye-methylchlorosilane monomer kwibhedi edibeneyo yasekhaya yayiphantsi, kwaye iteknoloji ye-distillation esebenzayo yayingekaphunyezwa okwangoku, ngoko kwakungenakwenzeka ukufumana inani elikhulu le-dimethyldichlorosilane monomer ekrwada. izinto zerubha abicah.Ke ngoko, banokusebenzisa kuphela i-dimethyldichlorosilane ngobunyulu obuphantsi obunokufumaneka ngelo xesha ukulungiselela i-ethoxyl derivatives nge-alcoholsis.Umgama phakathi kweqondo lokubila le-methyltriethoxysilane (151 ° C) kunye nenqanaba lokubila le-dimethyldiethoxysilane (111 ° C) emva kokusela utywala lilikhulu ngokwentelekiso, kwaye umahluko weqondo lokubila ungama-40 ° C, ekulula ukuwahlula, ngoko ke. i-dimethyldiethoxysilane enobunyulu obuphezulu inokufumaneka.Emva koko, i-dimethyldiethoxysilane yayi-hydrolyzed kwi-octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (methyld4).Emva kokwahlulwa, ukucoceka okuphezulu kwe-D4 kwaveliswa, okuthe kwasombulula ingxaki yezinto eziluhlaza zerubha ye-silicone.Babiza indlela yokufumana i-D4 ngeendlela ezingathanga ngqo ze-alcoholsis "amaqhinga ajikelezayo".

Kwinqanaba lokuqala lophando kunye nophuhliso lwerabha ye-silicone e-China, bekukho ukungabikho kokuqonda inkqubo yokudibanisa i-rubber ye-silicone kumazwe asentshona.Ezinye iiyunithi zizame ii-catalysts zokuvula iringi zamandulo ezifana ne-sulfuric acid, i-ferric chloride, i-aluminium sulfate, njl njl. Emva koko, i-catalyst eseleyo equlethwe kumakhulu amawaka ejeli ye-silica ekrwada yemolekyuli ihlanjwa ngamanzi adiyiweyo kwi-roller ephindwe kabini, ngoko ke yinkqubo engafunekiyo kakhulu ukusebenzisa le catalyst evulekileyo.

UZheng Shanzhong kunye no-Xu Mingshan, ii-catalysts zexeshana ezimbini eziqonda iipropathi ezizodwa, zicinga ukuba zinengqiqo kunye nendalo ephambili.Ayinakuphucula kuphela umgangatho we-rubber ye-silicone, kodwa iphinde ibe lula kakhulu umsebenzi we-post-processing.Ngelo xesha, amazwe angaphandle ayengekasetyenziselwa imveliso yemizi-mveliso.Bagqiba ekubeni benze i-tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide kunye ne-tetrabutyl phosphonium hydroxide ngokwabo, kwaye bazithelekisa.Bacinga ukuba yangaphambili yayiyanelisa ngakumbi, ngoko inkqubo ye-polymerization yaqinisekiswa.Emva koko, amakhulu eekhilogram zerubha ye-silicone ecacileyo kunye ecacileyo yaveliswa ngokusebenzisa izixhobo zomqhubi ezizimeleyo kunye nokuveliswa.NgoJuni 1961, uYang Guangqi, umlawuli we-Second Bureau yoMphathiswa woshishino lweekhemikhali, weza kumzi-mveliso ukuze ahlolwe kwaye wavuya kakhulu ukubona iimveliso zerabha ze-silicone ezifanelekileyo.Nangona ixabiso lerabha eliveliswe yile ndlela liphezulu, irabha ye-silicone enokuveliswa ngobuninzi iyanciphisa imfuno engxamisekileyo ngelo xesha.

Umzi-mveliso we-resin wase-Shanghai, okhokelwa yi-Shanghai Chemical Industry Bureau, waqala waseka ibhedi eshukumisayo eyi-400mm e-China ukuvelisa ii-monomers ze-methyl chlorosilane.Yayilishishini elinokubonelela nge-methyl chlorosilane monomers kwiibhetshi ngelo xesha.Emva koko, ukuze kukhawuleziswe uphuhliso loshishino abicah e Shanghai kunye nokulungelelanisa amandla abicah, Shanghai Chemical Bureau kudityaniswe Xincheng isityalo khemikhali kunye Shanghai resin plant, kwaye waqhubeka ukwenza uvavanyo oluqhubekayo inkqubo synthesis isixhobo ubushushu eliphezulu abicah vulcanized. irabha.

I-Bureau yeShishini yeMichiza yaseShanghai iseke iworkshop ekhethekileyo yeoli ye-silicone kunye nemveliso yerabha ye-silicone kumzi-mveliso we-resin waseShanghai.Umzi-mveliso we-resin waseShanghai uvelise ngempumelelo i-oyile yempompo yokusasazwa kwe-vacuum ephezulu, i-oyile enamacandelo amabini obushushu begumbi le-silicone, i-oyile ye-phenyl methyl asilicone njalo njalo, evalwe ngamazwe angaphandle.Umzi-mveliso we-resin waseShanghai ube ngumzi-mveliso obanzi onokuvelisa iintlobo ezininzi zeemveliso ze-silicone e-China.Nangona ngo-1992, ngenxa yohlengahlengiso lwesakhiwo semizi-mveliso eShanghai, umzi-mveliso we-resin waseShanghai kwafuneka ukuba iyeke ukuveliswa kwe-methyl chlorosilane kunye nezinye ii-monomers, kwaye endaweni yoko yathenga ii-monomers kunye nabaphakathi ukuvelisa iimveliso ezisezantsi.Nangona kunjalo, umzi-mveliso we-resin waseShanghai unegalelo elingenakucimeka kuphuhliso lwee-organosilicon monomers kunye ne-organosilicon polymer materials e-China.