Isitshixo sophando kunye nokuveliswa kwerubha ye-silicone e-China - i-dimethyldiethoxysilane

Basic hot vulcanized irabha abicah

I-China yaqala ukuphanda kunye nokwenza irabha ekrwada yobushushu obutshatyalalisiwe (ekwaziwa ngokuba bubushushu obunyangekileyo) irabha yesilicone ekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1950. Akukafiki ixesha kwihlabathi apho iChina yaqala ukuphonononga irabha ye-silicone. Ngenxa yomsebenzi wophuhliso kufuneka inani elikhulu le-high-purity hydrolysates ye-dimethyldichlorosilane (apho i-octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4, okanye i-DMC) ifunyenwe; ngaphambili, ngenxa yokungabikho kwenani elikhulu le-methylchlorosilane, kunzima ukufumana inani elikhulu. ye-dimethyldichlorosilane esulungekileyo, kwaye akwanelanga ukuvelisa izinto ezisisiseko zerabha ekrwada ye-silicone. I-octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane Kwakhona kukho imfuneko yee-catalysts ezifanelekileyo kwi-polymerization yokuvula i-ring, eziyingxaki enkulu kwinqanaba lokuqala lophuhliso, imveliso ye-methylchlorosilane inzima kakhulu, ngoko ke abasebenzi bezobugcisa beeyunithi ezifanelekileyo e-China bahlawule. umsebenzi omninzi kwaye uchithe ixesha elininzi.

UYang Dahai, iShenyang Chemical Research Institute, njl.njl. thaca iisampuli zerabha ye-silicone elungiselelwe ukusuka kwi-dimethyldichlorosilane eyenziwe ngokwayo ukuya kwi-10 yeminyaka yosuku lwesizwe. ULin Yi kunye noJiang Yingyan, abaphandi beZiko leKhemistri, iAkhademi yaseTshayina yeSayensi, nabo baqhuba uphuhliso lwerabha yesilicone ye-methyl kwangethuba. Ngeminyaka yee-1960, iiyunithi ezininzi zaphuhlisa irabha ye-silicone.

Kuphela emva kokuphumelela kwe-synthesis ngqo ye-methylchlorosilane kwi-bed eguquguqukayo, inokuthi ifumaneke izinto eziphathekayo zokwenziwa kwe-rubber ye-silicone eluhlaza. Kuba imfuno yerabha ye-silicone ingxamiseke kakhulu, ngoko ke kukho iiyunithi eShanghai naseMantla eTshayina ukuqalisa ukuphuhlisa irabha ye-silicone. Ngokomzekelo, i-Shanghai Chemical Research Institute e-Shanghai ifunda ukuhlanganiswa kwe-methyl chlorosilane monomer kunye nokuhlola kunye novavanyo lwerabha ye-silicone; Isityalo semichiza saseShanghai iXincheng kunye nesityalo se-resin saseShanghai siqwalasela ukuhlanganiswa kwerabha ye-silicone ngokwembono yemveliso.

Emantla, iZiko loPhando lenkampani yeJihua, isiseko soshishino lweekhemikhali e-China, libandakanyeka kakhulu kuphando kunye nophuhliso lwerabha yokwenziwa. Kamva, iziko lophando landa uphando kunye nophuhliso lwerabha ye-silicone ekhokelwa nguZhu BAOYING. Kukwakho amaziko oyilo kunye nezityalo zemveliso kwinkampani yeJihua, enemeko yentsebenziswano elungileyo yokuyeka ukuphuhlisa iseti epheleleyo yenkqubo ukusuka kwi-methyl chlorosilane monomer ukuya kwirabha yokwenziwa kwesilicone.

Ngo-1958, inxalenye ye-organosilicon ye-Shenyang Chemical Research Institute yafuduselwa kwi-Beijing Chemical Research Institute esanda kusekwa. Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1960, iShenyang Chemical Research Institute yaseka iOfisi yoPhando ye-organosilicon ekhokelwa nguZhang Erci kunye nawe Qingxuan ukuphuhlisa i-organosilicon monomer kunye nerabha ye-silicone. Ngokweembono ze-Bureau yesiBini yeSebe lezoShishino lwemichiza, iShenyang Chemical Research Institute ithathe inxaxheba kuphuhliso lwerabha ye-silicone kwiZiko loPhando lenkampani yeekhemikhali zaseJilin. Ngenxa yokuba ukuhlanganiswa kwerabha ye-silicone nayo ifuna i-vinyl ring, ngoko ke i-Shenyang Chemical Research Institute ye-synthesis ye-methylhydrodichlorosilane kunye nezinye i-organosilicon monomers ezixhasayo.

Ukuveliswa kwebhetshi yokuqala yerabha ye-silicone eShanghai "ngamaqhinga ajikelezayo"

Ngo-1960, inkampani yeplastiki ye-Shanghai Chemical Industry Bureau yabela umzi-mveliso weekhemikhali iXincheng umsebenzi wokuphuhlisa irabha yesilicon efunwa ngokungxamisekileyo kushishino lomkhosi. Ngenxa yokuba isityalo sinekloromethane, isibulali-zinambuzane esiphuma kwimveliso ye-organosilicon ekrwada, sineemeko zokwenza i-methyl chlorosilane, imathiriyeli ekrwada yerabha yesilicon. Iplanti yemichiza yeXincheng sisityalo esincinci esidityanelwe ngurhulumente nabucala, sinamagcisa eenjineli amabini kuphela, uZheng Shanzhong kunye noXu Mingshan. Bachonge imiba emibini ephambili yezobugcisa kwiprojekthi yophando yerabha ye-silicone, enye kukuhlanjululwa kwe-dimethyldichlorosilane, enye isifundo senkqubo ye-polymerization kunye nokukhethwa kwe-catalyst. Ngelo xesha, i-organosilicon monomers kunye nabaphakathi bavalwa kwaye bavalwa eTshayina. Ngelo xesha, umxholo we-dimethyldichlorosilane kwi-synthesis ye-methylchlorosilane monomer kwibhedi edibeneyo yasekhaya yayiphantsi, kwaye iteknoloji ye-distillation esebenzayo yayingekaphunyezwa okwangoku, ngoko kwakungenakwenzeka ukufumana inani elikhulu le-dimethyldichlorosilane monomer ekrwada. izinto zerubha abicah. Ke ngoko, banokusebenzisa kuphela i-dimethyldichlorosilane ngobunyulu obuphantsi obunokufumaneka ngelo xesha ukulungiselela i-ethoxyl derivatives nge-alcoholic. Umgama phakathi kweqondo lokubila le-methyltriethoxysilane (151 ° C) kunye nenqanaba lokubila le-dimethyldiethoxysilane (111 ° C) emva kokusela utywala lilikhulu ngokwentelekiso, kwaye umahluko weqondo lokubila ungama-40 ° C, ekulula ukuwahlula, ngoko ke. i-dimethyldiethoxysilane enobunyulu obuphezulu inokufumaneka. Emva koko, i-dimethyldiethoxysilane yayi-hydrolyzed kwi-octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (methyld4). Emva kokwahlulwa, ukucoceka okuphezulu kwe-D4 kwaveliswa, okuthe kwasombulula ingxaki yezinto eziluhlaza zerubha ye-silicone. Babiza indlela yokufumana i-D4 ngeendlela ezingathanga ngqo ze-alcoholsis "amaqhinga ajikelezayo".

Kwinqanaba lokuqala lophando kunye nophuhliso lwerabha ye-silicone e-China, bekukho ukungabikho kokuqonda inkqubo yokudibanisa i-rubber ye-silicone kumazwe asentshona. Ezinye iiyunithi zizame ii-catalysts zokuvula iringi zamandulo ezifana ne-sulfuric acid, i-ferric chloride, i-aluminium sulfate, njl njl. Emva koko, i-catalyst eseleyo equlethwe kumakhulu amawaka ejeli ye-silica ekrwada yemolekyuli ihlanjwa ngamanzi adiyiweyo kwi-roller ephindwe kabini, ngoko ke yinkqubo engafunekiyo kakhulu ukusebenzisa le catalyst evulekileyo.

UZheng Shanzhong kunye no-Xu Mingshan, ii-catalysts zexeshana ezimbini eziqonda iipropathi ezizodwa, zicinga ukuba zinengqiqo kunye nendalo ephambili. Ayinakuphucula kuphela umgangatho we-rubber ye-silicone, kodwa iphinde ibe lula kakhulu umsebenzi we-post-processing. Ngelo xesha, amazwe angaphandle ayengekasetyenziselwa imveliso yemizi-mveliso. Bagqiba ekubeni benze i-tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide kunye ne-tetrabutyl phosphonium hydroxide ngokwabo, kwaye bazithelekisa. Bacinga ukuba yangaphambili yayiyanelisa ngakumbi, ngoko inkqubo ye-polymerization yaqinisekiswa. Emva koko, amakhulu eekhilogram zerubha ye-silicone ecacileyo kunye ecacileyo yaveliswa ngokusebenzisa izixhobo zomqhubi ezizimeleyo kunye nokuveliswa. NgoJuni 1961, uYang Guangqi, umlawuli we-Second Bureau yoMphathiswa woshishino lweekhemikhali, weza kumzi-mveliso ukuze ahlolwe kwaye wavuya kakhulu ukubona iimveliso zerabha ze-silicone ezifanelekileyo. Nangona ixabiso lerabha eliveliswe yile ndlela liphezulu, irabha ye-silicone enokuveliswa ngobuninzi iyanciphisa imfuno engxamisekileyo ngelo xesha.

Umzi-mveliso we-resin wase-Shanghai, okhokelwa yi-Shanghai Chemical Industry Bureau, waqala waseka ibhedi eshukumisayo eyi-400mm e-China ukuvelisa ii-monomers ze-methyl chlorosilane. Yayilishishini elinokubonelela nge-methyl chlorosilane monomers kwiibhetshi ngelo xesha. Emva koko, ukuze kukhawuleziswe uphuhliso loshishino abicah e Shanghai kunye nokulungelelanisa amandla abicah, Shanghai Chemical Bureau kudityaniswe Xincheng isityalo khemikhali kunye Shanghai resin plant, kwaye waqhubeka ukwenza uvavanyo oluqhubekayo inkqubo synthesis isixhobo ubushushu eliphezulu abicah vulcanized. irabha.

I-Bureau yeShishini yeMichiza yaseShanghai iseke iworkshop ekhethekileyo yeoli ye-silicone kunye nemveliso yerabha ye-silicone kumzi-mveliso we-resin waseShanghai. Umzi-mveliso we-resin waseShanghai uvelise ngempumelelo i-oyile yempompo yokusasazwa kwe-vacuum ephezulu, i-oyile enamacandelo amabini obushushu begumbi le-silicone, i-oyile ye-phenyl methyl asilicone njalo njalo, evalwe ngamazwe angaphandle. Umzi-mveliso we-resin waseShanghai ube ngumzi-mveliso obanzi onokuvelisa iintlobo ezininzi zeemveliso ze-silicone e-China. Nangona ngo-1992, ngenxa yohlengahlengiso lwesakhiwo semizi-mveliso eShanghai, umzi-mveliso we-resin waseShanghai kwafuneka ukuba iyeke ukuveliswa kwe-methyl chlorosilane kunye nezinye ii-monomers, kwaye endaweni yoko yathenga ii-monomers kunye nabaphakathi ukuvelisa iimveliso ezisezantsi. Nangona kunjalo, umzi-mveliso we-resin waseShanghai unegalelo elingenakucimeka kuphuhliso lwee-organosilicon monomers kunye ne-organosilicon polymer materials e-China.